No, the .40 is being held in place by the extractor and in battery by the breach face. You fire the gun, the case expands in the 10mm chamber to hold itself in place while the powder burns and bullet goes out the muzzle. Pressure drops, bullet case contracts and is yanked out of the chamber by the extractor (usually). The .40 bullet travels about 1/4" before it hits rifling.So, the longer chamber or "throat" of the 10mm still allows the .40 to sit in battery with correct head space? I thought on the rimless cartridges rested up where the lands/grooves start?
Rimless pistol rounds are usually located in the chamber (headspaced) by the mouth of the case. If you look in the chamber you'll see a small ring/ridge of where the case does this. If you take a .40 round and drop it in a 10mm chamber, it will go in deeper until it hits the 10mm ridge.